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Key Specifications Table
| Key Applications | Entrez Gene Number | Uni Prot Number |
|---|---|---|
| Cell Function Assay | NM_000345.2NM_007308.1 | P37840 |
| Description | |
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| Catalogue Number | AG549 |
| Brand Family | Chemicon® |
| Trade Name |
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| Description | α-synuclein 61-140, human |
| Overview | MEQVTNVGGAVVTGVTAVAQKTVEGAGSIAAATGFVKKDQLGKNEE- GAPQEGILEDMPVDPDNEAYEMPSEEGYQDYEPEA An additional amino acid (Met) is attached at the N-terminus. |
| Background Information | Alpha-synuclein is encoded by the SNCA gene (also known as NACP, PARK1) in human. There are two other known synuclein family members, beta- and gamma-synuclein. Interest in synuclein research started with the discovery of alpha-synuclein mutation in several families with autosomal dominant Parkinsons disease (PD). Alpha-synuclein is abundantly expressed in the brain and is found in a classic amyloid fibril form within the intra-neuronal Lewy body deposits of PD. The physiological function of synucleins is not well understood, but appears to involve membrane interactions, and in particular reversible binding to synaptic vesicle membranes. Contradictory evidences regarding inhibitory action of alpha-synuclein against phospholipase D (PLD) have been reported (PMID 11821392 & 19146388). Clone Syn211, Cat. No. 36-008-C detects epitope in the region from amino acid 121 to 125 and has been used together with clone LB509, Cat. No. MABN824, to characterize the digestion pattern of different forms of in vitro prepared alpha-synclulein aggregates (Guo, J.L., et al. 2013; PMID 23827677). |
| Product Information | |
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| Presentation | White lyophilized powder. Resuspend in sterile water at concentration of 1 mg/mL. This will give you a final of 20 mM Tris/HCI, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl. |
| Quality Level | MQ100 |
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| Biological Information | |
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| Purity | >95% by SDS-PAGE |
| Source | E. coli |
| Entrez Gene Number |
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| Entrez Gene Summary | Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimers disease. Two alternatively spliced transcripts of SNCA have been identified. Additional splicing may be present but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. |
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| UniProt Summary | FUNCTION: SwissProt: P37840 # May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Soluble protein, normally localized primarily at the presynaptic region of axons, which can form filamentous aggregates that are the major non amyloid component of intracellular inclusions in several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). Induces fibrillization of microtubule- associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase 3 activation. SIZE: 140 amino acids; 14460 Da SUBUNIT: Soluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1 (By similarity). Interacts with phospholipase D and histones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Note=Membrane- bound in dopaminergic neurons. Also found in the nucleus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals. DOMAIN: SwissProt: P37840 The NAC domain is involved in the fibril formation. The middle region forms the core of the filaments. The C-terminus may regulate aggregation and determine the diameter of the filaments. PTM: Phosphorylated, predominantly on serine residues. Phosphorylation by CK1 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases. Phosphorylation of Ser-129 is selective and extensive in synucleinopathy lesions. In vitro, phosphorylation at Ser-129 promoted insoluble fibril formation. Phosphorylated on Tyr-125 by a PTK2B-dependent pathway upon osmotic stress. & Hallmark lesions of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies contain alpha-synuclein that is modified by nitration of tyrosine residues and possibly by dityrosine cross-linking to generated stable oligomers. & Ubiquitinated. The predominant conjugate is the diubiquitinated form (By similarity). DISEASE: SwissProt: P37840 # Defects in SNCA are a cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson disease 1 (PARK1) [MIM:168601, 168600]. Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex, multifactorial disorder that typically manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. PD generally arises as a sporadic condition but is occasionally inherited as a simple mendelian trait. Although sporadic and familial PD are very similar, inherited forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features. PD is characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability, as well as by a clinically significant response to treatment with levodopa. The pathology involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. & Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease 4 (PARK4) [MIM:605543, 168600]. & Defects in SNCA are the cause of Lewy body dementia (DLB) [MIM:127750]. DLB is a neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by dementia and parkinsonism, often with fluctuating cognitive function, visual hallucinations, falls, syncopal episodes, and sensitivity to neuroleptic medication. Presence of Lewy bodies are the only essential pathologic features. & Deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins intraneuronally as neurofibrillary tangles is characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD). SNCA is a minor protein found within these deposits, but a major non amyloid component. & Brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA1, also called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome), a rare neuroaxonal dystrophy, is histologically characterized by axonal spheroids, iron deposition, Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and neurofibrillary tangles. SNCA is found in LB-like inclusions, glial inclusions and spheroids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synuclein family. |
| Molecular Weight | 8,460 |
| Product Usage Statements | |
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| Usage Statement |
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| Storage and Shipping Information | |
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| Storage Conditions | Maintain lyophilized material at -20°C for up to 12 months after date of receipt. After reconstitution maintain at -20°C to -70°C for up to 2 weeks in undiluted aliquots. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles to avoid aggregation. |
| Packaging Information | |
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| Material Size | 500 µg |